1. These data demonstrate that the VEGF-D serum levels are reduced in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer, regardless of the degree of metastatic spread. PMID: 21781145
2. VEGF-D is involved and plays an important role in gallbladder cancer (GBC), progression, suggesting that VEGF-D may be a potential molecular target in the treatment of GBC. PMID: 22071224
3. Vascular endothelial growth factor D was expressed in 4 of 7 primary and 7 of 7 metastatic lesions. In culture, vascular endothelial growth factor D significantly increased the migration of sarcoma cells through lymphatic endothelial monolayers. PMID: 22326461
4. A significant relationship was found in salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation regarding simultaneous positive staining for VEGF-C/VEGF-D and flt-4 PMID: 22326635
5. VEGF-D has a role in progestin-induced break-through bleeding in thin-walled blood and lymphatic endometrial vessels PMID: 22383980
6. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D is significantly elevated in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and is a better diagnostic marker than matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and ACE. PMID: 22513045
7. VEGFD added to the culture medium increased the number of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker for DA neurons) and betaIII-tubulin (a marker for DA neurons) and betaIII-tubulin (a marker for immature neurons) in both the NTera2 and I6 cell lines. PMID: 22535492
8. Differential capacity for VEGF-D production and integrin alpha 9 beta 1 expression by human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468LN jointly contributed to their lymphatic metastatic phenotype. PMID: 22545097
9. results demonstrated that ET-1 and hypoxia act, at list in part, through VEGF to induce lymphangiogenic events and that these two stimuli may cooperate to induce VEGF-A/-C/-D expression and lymphatic differentiation. PMID: 22552325
10. Correlation between intensity of AT-1R expression and expression of lymph- and angiogenesis markers in IDC was examined. Expression intensity of AT-1R was found to correlate with expressions of VEGF-A (r = 0.26; p = 0.008)and VEGF-D (r = 0.24; p = 0.015). PMID: 22581182
11. Peritumoral lymphangiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor D promotes lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. PMID: 22906075
12. The expression of VEGFR-3 and its ligands, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, significantly increased after activating ET(B)R by ET-1 in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines PMID: 22965194
13. Lymphatic microvessel density, VEGF-C and VEGF-D could predict poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. PMID: 23054001
14. High VEGF-D is associated with gastric cancer. PMID: 23238856
15. The propeptides profoundly influence molecular interactions of VEGF-D with VEGF receptors, co-receptors, and heparin, and its effects on tumor biology. PMID: 23404505
16. Serum VEGF-D may be useful for monitoring response to treatment with sirolimus and kidney angiomyolipoma size in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. PMID: 23437092
17. Dysregulated expression of VEGF-D likely contributes to altered angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, neurogenesis and immune function in endometriosis. PMID: 23585340
18. VEGF-D may play an important role in the process of lymphatic metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer PMID: 23915006
19. Increase of VEGFD protein expression is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 24085575
20. Predictive marker analysis indicated that plasma levels of VEGF-D, Ang2, and SDF1 significantly predicted for benefit or lack of benefit from bevacizumab in this population. PMID: 24097873
21. overexpression of lymphangiogenic factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D in colon adenocarcinoma was associated with increased vessel density in tumor-surrounding stroma. PMID: 24173916
22. VEGF-D promotes lymph node metastasis by increasing tumor lymphangiogenesis, stimulating draining lymphatic vessel formation and enhancing tumor invasiveness. PMID: 24502459
23. Transforming growth factor-beta1 downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression in human lung fibroblasts via the Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway PMID: 24515257
24. Among VEGF homologs, MMPE from various kinds of tumor origin, VEGF-D showed 92.6% rate of positive expression. ICC stain of VEGF-D is a useful marker in the aid of MMPE diagnosis. PMID: 25221955
25. fluid shear stress induces the synthesis of Insulin growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) B and D, which in turn transactivate MMP-12. PMID: 25435370
26. Both VEGF-C and VEGF-D are highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell cancer tissue, which may be related to the lymph node metastasis of cancer cells. PMID: 25640364
27. The preoperative sVEGF-C/D levels might be reliable biomarkers for the presence of disease and LNM in patients with GBC. The sVEGF-C/D levels may be prognosis factors that can predict a poor outcome for GBC patients PMID: 25801241
28. These findings suggest that IL-8 may be a potent inducer of LECs, although this effect does not appear to involve the VEGF-C/VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 signaling pathway. PMID: 25891418
29. study suggests that both VEGF-C and VEGF-D in tumor cells promote lymph node metastasis PMID: 25911567
30. VEGF-D is involved in the development of lymphangiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis patients. PMID: 26121315
31. predictive value of VEGF-D expression for bevacizumab may depend on the chemotherapy backbone used PMID: 26125443
32. A positive association for VEGF-D and an inverse association for MMP-2 were observed in patients with positive lymph node status at the time of radical cystectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. PMID: 26241709
33. VEGF-C/D score correlated neither with periphery Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) nor with LVD in the tumor center PMID: 26296919
34. Data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) was the best indicator of metastasis and vascular endothelial growth factors and receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) may help to determine the prognosis and management of colorectal cancer (CRC). PMID: 26476536
35. MTA1 is up-regulated in CRC; its expression is inversely associated with lymphatic metastases and the expression of VEGFC, VEGFD and VEGFR3 PMID: 26543080
36. The most extensively accepted signaling pathways promoting lymphangiogenesis in tumors include the secreted lymphangiogenic proteins: VEGF-C and VEGF-D, and their cognate receptor on lymphatic endothelium VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). PMID: 26706909
37. Study demonstrated that VEGF-D upregulates myofibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis through activation of VEGF pathway. PMID: 26724950
38. CCL21/CCR7 induce VEGF-D up-regulation and promote lymphangiogenesis via ERK/Akt pathway in lung cancer. PMID: 26884842
39. VEGF-D and its receptors were co-localized on blood vessels in clinical samples of human lungs exposed to hyperoxia; hence, VEGF-D may act directly on blood vessels to promote fluid leak. PMID: 26924464
40. Taken together, our data suggest that TNF-alpha can promote lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of GBC through the ERK1/2/AP-1/VEGF-D pathway. PMID: 26992854
41. VEGF-D-enhanced metastasis was evidently reversed by MP. MP significantly reduced the invasion of VEGFD-SK cells, tumor volume, lymphatic metastasis rates and lymphatic vessel density compared with control groups PMID: 27211072
42. Sulf2 facilitated lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer cells by regulating VEGF-D and that the AKT1related signaling pathway was involved. PMID: 27748846
43. High VEGFD expression is associated with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. PMID: 27852824
44. VEGF-D-induced changes in serine/threonine kinase mTOR shuttling between the cytosol and nucleus and its increased phosphorylation at Ser-2448, lead us to the conclusion that the observed shift in redox balance is regulated via mTOR kinase signalling. PMID: 27957793
45. High VEGFD expression is associated with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. PMID: 28202529
46. no difference in the levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D in pre-eclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women stratified by HIV status PMID: 28524736
47. CXCR4, CCR7, VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression might have synergistic effects on the lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. PMID: 28535405
48. Data show that VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 were expressed in a substantial percentage of breast carcinomas. PMID: 28791841
49. SPARC expression was inversely associated with the degree of malignancy and it had a negative correlation with VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression. Results suggest SPARC might function as a tumor suppressor inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in ovarian cancer by reducing the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. PMID: 29075785
50. Serum VEGF-D levels were significantly increased in definite lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) patients compared with healthy controls. Serum VEGF-D levels were significantly increased in definite LAM patients who had chylothorax compared with those without chylothorax. PMID: 29906075

HGNC: 3708

OMIM: 300091

KEGG: hsa:2277

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000297904

UniGene: Hs.11392