Glycyrrhizinic Acid (Glycyrrhizin) (100 mg)

Glycyrrhizinic Acid (Glycyrrhizin) (100 mg)
 

• CAT Number : FNK-2400218
• CAS Number : 1405-86-3
• Molecular Weight : 822.9
• Molecular Formula : C₄₂H₆₂O₁₆
• Pack size: 100 mg
• Store:  Store at 2-10°C in a dry and dark place.
• Purity: (HPLC) ≥98％

Product Description
Glycyrrhizinic Acid, also known as Glycyrrhizin, is a triterpenoid saponin derived from licorice root. It is widely used for its sweetening properties and therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects.

Property

• Chemical Formula: C₄₂H₆₂O₁₆
• Molecular Weight: 822.93 g/mol
• CAS Number: 1405-86-3
• Appearance: Solid, typically white to off-white powder
• Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol
• Melting Point: 87-93°C

Application and Usage

• Food Industry: Used as a natural sweetener and flavoring agent in various food products.
• Pharmaceuticals: Incorporated in formulations for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hepatoprotective properties.
• Cosmetics: Added to skincare products for its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.

Safety and Handling

• Storage: Store at room temperature, in a dry and well-ventilated place.
• Handling: Use personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety glasses. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes.
• Safety Measures: In case of contact with skin or eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice if necessary.

Involved Human Diseases


Antiviral Activity

Glycyrrhizin has shown broad antiviral activity against multiple viruses:

• Hepatitis viruses It exhibits direct antiviral effects against hepatitis B and C viruses, inhibiting viral replication and antigen secretion. It has been used clinically in Japan to treat chronic hepatitis.
• Influenza viruses: Glycyrrhizin can reduce cytopathic effects caused by H5N1 influenza virus infection and inhibit viral-induced production of inflammatory cytokines.
• SARS coronaviruses: Studies have shown glycyrrhizin can inhibit replication of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in vitro.

Anti-inflammatory Effects 

Glycyrrhizin demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory properties through several mechanisms:

• Inhibition of NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production
• Suppression of HMGB1 protein activity, reducing inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Inhibition of TNF-α, which may help improve inflammatory bowel conditions

Hepatoprotective Effects

Glycyrrhizin exhibits liver-protective properties:

• Reduction of liver inflammation and fibrosis
• Decrease in liver enzyme levels like AST
• Protection of liver cells from oxidative stress

Other Potential Benefits

• Neuroprotection: May provide neuroprotective effects in cases of neuroinflammation or ischemic brain damage
• Metabolic effects: Can improve glucose tolerance and potentially help with metabolic syndrome
• Antitussive properties: Useful for treating cough and respiratory tract congestion
• Anti-ulcer activity: May help protect against gastric ulcers

Cell Signaling Pathways Affected


AKT/mTOR pathway:

• Glycyrrhizin inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, suppressing this signaling cascade.
• It improves autophagy flux via HMGB1-dependent Akt/mTOR signaling to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

STAT3 pathway:

• Glycyrrhizin inhibits STAT3 activation and phosphorylation.
• It reduces the expression of STAT3-regulated cell survival and proliferation factors like caspase-3, PARP, cyclin D1, and survivin.

NF-κB pathway:

• Glycyrrhizin inhibits the activation of NF-κB.
• This leads to suppression of inflammatory cytokines, anti-apoptotic factors, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression.

MAPK pathway:

• Glycyrrhizin inhibits the activation of MAPK signaling.

NLRP3 inflammasome:

• It suppresses the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

JAK/STAT pathway:

• Glycyrrhizin reduces the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which is an upstream regulator of HMGB1.

Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway:

• It inhibits caspase-1/GSDMD activation, suppressing pyroptosis.