Cyanidin 3-Glucoside Chloride (10 mg)

Cyanidin 3-Glucoside Chloride (10 mg)
 

• CAT Number : FNK-2400037
• CAS Number : 7084-24-4
• Molecular Weight : 484.8
• Molecular Formula : C₂₁H₂₁O₁₁Cl
• Pack size: 10 mg
• Store: Store at -20℃ in a dry and dark place.
• Purity: (HPLC) ≥98％

Product Description
Cyanidin 3-Glucoside Chloride is an anthocyanin, a type of flavonoid pigment found in many red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables. It is a glycosylated form of cyanidin with a glucose molecule attached at the 3-position, typically isolated as a chloride salt.

Property

• Chemical Formula: C₂₁H₂₁ClO₁₁
• Molecular Weight: 484.8 g/mol
• Appearance: Deep purple to red crystalline powder
• Solubility: Soluble in water and polar organic solvents

Application and Usage

• Research: Used in studies investigating its antioxidant and biological activities
• Food Industry: Natural food colorant and functional ingredient
• Nutraceuticals: Potential ingredient in dietary supplements
• Analytical Standard: Used as a reference compound in food and plant extract analysis

Safety and Handling

• Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light
• Handling: Use appropriate personal protective equipment
• Safety Measures: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS), but handle with care in research settings

Involved Human Diseases

• Diabetes
  • C3G has exhibited anti-diabetic properties by:
    • Decreasing fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models
    • Reducing insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion
    • Improving blood sugar control after meals
• Metabolic Syndrome
  • Studies on rats have shown that C3G can reverse symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which includes abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and elevated glucose levels[2].
• Cardiovascular Health
  • C3G may protect the heart and blood vessels by:
    • Reducing oxidative stress
    • Lowering cholesterol levels and increasing beneficial HDL cholesterol
    • Decreasing heart damage in diabetic animal models
    • Inhibiting blood platelet aggregation, potentially preventing blood clots
• Liver Protection
  • Dietary C3G has been shown to reverse signs of liver damage in mice with liver injury by reducing inflammation and cell death.
• Gastrointestinal Health
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
  • C3G has demonstrated potential in managing IBD, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, through:
    • Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects
    • Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2 pathway
    • Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines
    • Modulation of gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria
• Helicobacter Pylori Infection
  • C3G has shown promise in reducing cell death in human stomach cells affected by H. Pylori by blocking the release of toxins.
• Cancer
  • Research has indicated potential anti-cancer properties of C3G:
    • Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
    • Upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes
    • Potential inhibition of immune checkpoints PD-1 and PD-L1, which may enhance anti-tumor immune responses
• Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration
  • C3G has been found to stimulate the production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in normal human dermal fibroblasts, which may be beneficial for organ regeneration, wound healing, and embryogenesis.

Cellular Signaling Pathways Affected

• MAPK/ERK Pathway
  • C3G has been shown to modulate the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) pathway, particularly the ERK (Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase) signaling cascade. This pathway is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.

• NF-κB Signaling
  • C3G inhibits the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway, which is crucial for inflammation, immune response, and cell survival.
• STAT3 Pathway
  • The STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) signaling pathway is affected by C3G. This pathway is important in cell growth, apoptosis, and immune response.
• AKT Signaling
  • C3G modulates the AKT (Protein Kinase B) signaling pathway, which plays a role in cell survival, growth, and metabolism.
• Nrf2 Pathway
  • C3G activates the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway, which regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage.
• β-catenin/MGMT Pathway
  • In certain cancer cells, C3G has been shown to inhibit the β-catenin/MGMT pathway by upregulating miR-214-5p, potentially reversing chemotherapy resistance.
• Apoptotic Pathways
  • C3G influences apoptotic pathways by regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (e.g., Bax, p53, Caspase3) and anti-apoptotic genes (e.g., Bcl2).