Saikosaponin A

Saikosaponin A
 

• CAT Number :FNK-2400228
• Pack size: 10 mg
• Store: Store at 2-10℃ in a dry and dark place.
• Purity: (HPLC) ≥95％

Product description 
Saikosaponin A is a triterpenoid saponin derived from the Chinese herbal medicine Radix Bupleuri (Chai Hu). It exhibits diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticonvulsive, antiproliferative, and antiviral properties.

Property
Molecular Formula: C₄₂H₆₈O₁₃
Formula Weight: 781.0
CAS Number: 20736-09-8
Purity: >98%
Physical State: Crystalline solid

Application and Usage

• Anti-inflammatory research: Reduces expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in primary mouse macrophages
• Neuroprotection studies: Reduces brain edema and blood-brain barrier disruption in traumatic brain injury models
• Cancer research: Decreases viability in various cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models
• Immunology studies: Inhibits proliferation and activation of T cells
• Addiction research: Decreases self-administration of cocaine and morphine

Safety and Handling

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment
• Handle in accordance with good laboratory practices

Involved Human Diseases

Anti-inflammatory Effects
SSA exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties through multiple mechanisms:

• Inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α14
• Suppresses NF-κB signaling pathway activation
• Inhibits the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome
• Counteracts inflammatory responses in nervous tissue
• These anti-inflammatory effects make SSA potentially useful for treating inflammatory conditions like arthritis, atherosclerosis, and neuroinflammation.

Antitumor Activity
SSA has demonstrated anticancer effects against various cancer types:

• Sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin
• Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells
• Suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth by inhibiting VEGFR2 signaling
• Causes G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in cancer cells
• The antitumor properties of SSA suggest its potential as an adjuvant therapy for cancers like lung, ovarian, cervical and glioma.

Neuroprotective Effects
SSA shows promise for neurological and neurodegenerative conditions:

• Counteracts inflammatory responses and neurological deficits in nerve injury models
• Inhibits drug addiction behaviors by regulating GABA receptor systems
• May have therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease by reducing Aβ generation and tau phosphorylation

Antiviral Activity
SSA exhibits antiviral effects against certain viruses:

• Inhibits human coronavirus 229E infection in the early stages of viral replication
• Attenuates influenza A virus replication and associated lung inflammation

Cell Signaling Pathways Affected

NF-κB pathway:
SSA inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which is crucial in inflammatory processes. It does this by:

• Inhibiting phosphorylation of IκBα, p65, p38, JNK, and Akt
• Blocking translocation of NF-κB and NF-κB/Rel A to the nucleus

MAPK pathway:
SSA downregulates the MAPK pathway by inhibiting phosphorylation of key kinases:

• p38 MAPK
• c-JNK
• ERK 1/248

PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway:

• SSA inactivates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

VEGFR2 signaling pathway:
SSA inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR2 signaling and its downstream proteins including:

• PLCγ1
• FAK
• Src
• Akt

CXCR4/SDF-1 axis:

• SSA inhibits CXCR4 expression, which is involved in tumor growth and metastasis

AMPK pathway:

• SSA enhances phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Caspase pathways:

• SSA activates caspase-4, 2, and 8, leading to caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in cancer cells

ERK signaling:

• SSA induces phosphorylation of ERK, which is associated with inhibition of cancer cell growth

p53-p21 pathway:

• In breast cancer cells, SSA induces apoptosis through p53-p21-dependent or independent pathways depending on the p53 status of the cells