TAMRA Alkyne is a versatile copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reagent that generates a stable, bright yellow-orange fluorescence signal for bioimaging applications. This click chemistry-compatible fluorophore offers excellent optical properties and is widely used in cellular imaging and nucleotide functionalization.
Applications:
1. Cellular imaging
2. Nucleotide functionalization
3. Protein labeling
4. Biomolecule tracking in living systems
5. Flow cytometry
6. Fluorescence microscopy
7. Single-molecule detection
8. DNA synthesis detection
Advantages:
1. Efficient excitation with 543 or 546 nm laser lines
2. Spectrally similar to popular dyes like DyLight 549, ATTO 550, and Cy3
3. Forms stable 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole linkages
4. Minimal interference with native biochemical processes
5. Bioorthogonal labeling strategy
6. High specificity and efficiency in click reactions
7. Versatile labeling of azide-modified biomolecules
8. Compatible with complex biological samples
TAMRA Alkyne couples with azide-functionalized biomolecules through copper(I)-catalyzed click chemistry, forming a stable 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole linkage. This reaction occurs efficiently inside living systems without disrupting native biochemical processes. To utilize TAMRA Alkyne, researchers must first introduce azide functionality onto the target biomolecule through chemical or genetic modification.
The CuAAC reaction mechanism involves multiple steps, including the formation of a copper-acetylide complex, coordination of the azide to the copper center, and subsequent cycloaddition to form the triazole product. Recent studies have shown that the reaction proceeds faster in aqueous conditions and may involve a dinuclear copper intermediate.
BioActs provides other traditionally used dyes such as 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and 5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) dyes for labeling of biomolecules. FAM is one of popular green fluorescent reagents used for labeling peptides, proteins and nucleotides. In addition to relatively high absorptivity, good fluorescence quantum yield and good water solubility, FAM has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488 nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser. TAMRA fluorophore has been a widely used for preparing bioconjugates, especially fluorescent antibody and avidin derivatives. TAMRA dye is also widely utilized for oligonucleotide labeling and automated DNA sequencing applications. TAMRA is often used as FRET acceptor for FAM fluorophore.
Other fluorescent dyes such as Cyanine, ICG, TAMRA, FAM, etc. are also available.
All dyes are equipped with various reactive and functional groups.
High quality and excellent performance
Table 1. TAMRA dye applications
Figure 1. Structure of FAM and TAMRA dyes
Citation & Reference
1. PYARE L. KHANNAA. 4',5'-Dimethoxy-6-carboxyfluorescein: a novel dipole-dipole coupled fluorescence energy transfer acceptor useful for fluorescence immunoassays. Anal Biochem 108.1 (1980): 156-61.
2. Torimura M. Fluorescence-quenching phenomenon by photoinduced electron transfer between a fluorescent dye and a nucleotide base. Anal Sci 17.1 (2001): 155-60.
3. Sylvie Soulie-Begu. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of two fluorescein derivatives by fluorescence spectroscopy. Optical Biopsies 2627 (1995).
4. Danny van Lierop. Positively charged silver nanoparticles and their effect on Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering of dye-labelled oligonucleotides. Chem. Commun 48 (2012): 8192-8194.
5. Pete Theisen. Fluorescent Dye Phosphoramidite Labelling of Oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Letters 33.35 (1992): 5033-5036.