FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640, High Glucose w/o Glutamine, Pyruvate, Bicarbonate, Phenol Red

Product#: DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X
$49.50
DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X
Availability:
Ships in 1-2 Weeks

warning For Research Use Only (RUO). Not intended for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic use in humans.
verifiedISO 13485 Certified Manufacturing

FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640, High Glucose w/o Glutamine, Pyruvate, Bicarbonate, Phenol Red

Contains Calcium Contains Magnesium Contains Glucose Without L-Glutamine Without Sodium Bicarbonate Without Phenol Red Without Sodium Pyruvate

FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose (DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X) is a Diagnocine Microfluidics Suitable cell culture medium engineered for organ-on-a-chip (OoC), microphysiological system (MPS), and microfluidic applications. A quadruple-stage train (0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2) reaches a 0.04 µm final cut-off, five times finer than the 0.22 µm membranes used for conventional sterile filtration.

  • Quadruple-stage nano-filtration: 0.1 µm ×2 pre-filtration + 0.04 µm ×2 final filtration — microchannel-safe purity
  • Mycoplasma-retentive filtration: 0.04 µm final filter targets organisms as small as 0.2–0.3 µm in diameter (not tested per lot)
  • Endotoxin specification: < 0.05 EU/mL (USP <85> BET, tested per manufacturing batch)
  • High-glucose formulation: 4,500 mg/L D-Glucose; formulated without L-Glutamine, Sodium Pyruvate, Sodium Bicarbonate, or Phenol Red for full researcher-defined metabolic and buffering control
  • Ultrapure Type 1 water (18.2 MΩ·cm) solvent baseline for trace-metal and organic-carbon (TOC) control
  • ISO Class 5 (Class 100) fill & finish: aseptic manufacturing in a unidirectional laminar-flow environment
  • Manufactured under ISO 13485:2016; final QC and release testing at Diagnocine's R&D Center, Totowa, NJ
  • Custom formulations available: pH, glucose, salts, HEPES, and nutrient composition on request — support@diagnocine.com
DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X | Cell Culture Media Size: 500 mL and 1000 mL UNSPSC: 41116155 | Commodity: Molecular biology and cell culture growth media | (UNv260801)
RPMI 1640, High Glucose w/o Glutamine, Pyruvate, Bicarbonate, Phenol Red — Microfluidics Suitable, Ultra-Filtered
  • Formulation[+] High Glucose / [−] L-Glutamine, [−] Sodium Pyruvate, [−] Sodium Bicarbonate, [−] Phenol Red
  • D-Glucose4,500 mg/L
  • L-GlutamineNot included [−]
  • Sodium PyruvateNot included [−]
  • pH (1X)7.4 USP <791>
  • Osmolality230–270 mOsm/kg H₂O USP <785>
  • Endotoxin< 0.05 EU/mL USP <85>
  • Filtration0.1µm ×2 + 0.04µm ×2 (4-stage, Sterile)
  • Storage2–8°C, protect from light
  • Shelf Life12 months from date of manufacture, unopened
ISO 13485:2016 USP <71> <85> <788> RUO
Why FluxMPS™

Engineered where standard media fails

Conventional 0.22 µm-filtered RPMI 1640 media carry subvisible particulates and mycoplasma-sized contaminants that can accumulate inside microfluidic channels (diameter <100 µm), affecting downstream cytokine, metabolic, and optical biosensor readouts. FluxMPS™ addresses these failure modes with a four-stage nano-filtration architecture and ISO 13485-compliant micro-batch manufacturing — built for the precision demands of MPS, OoC, and live-cell imaging workflows.[1,2]

filter_alt

Microchannel-safe purity

0.04 µm final-stage filtration is validated for ultra-low particulate counts (USP <788> Method 1, light obscuration), reducing channel-fouling and pressure-drop artefacts in organ-on-a-chip devices.[3]

target

Total metabolic control

No L-Glutamine, Sodium Pyruvate, or Sodium Bicarbonate. Researchers define the carbon and nitrogen source and the buffering system independently, enabling precise Warburg-effect, oxidative phosphorylation, and flux-balance studies on a fully user-controlled baseline.[4]

water_drop

Ultrapure-grade water baseline

Formulated with Ultrapure Type 1 water (18.2 MΩ·cm resistivity) as the solvent baseline, controlling trace-metal and organic-carbon (TOC) content to support reproducible cell culture performance.[5]

visibility

Low background for imaging

Phenol-red-free formulation removes one common source of spectral interference for confocal, epifluorescence, and ratiometric live-cell imaging. The Quadruple-stage filtration reduces particulate-driven optical scatter; note that riboflavin, a native RPMI 1640 component, retains its own background fluorescence and is not removed by filtration.

science

Rich, stable nutrient profile

RPMI 1640 carries a balanced complement of 19 amino acids, 10 vitamins, and inorganic salts formulated to support lymphocytes, Jurkat, HeLa, hybridoma, carcinoma, and primary bone-marrow cell models in micro-batch, lot-controlled production.

tune

Customization on demand

pH, glucose concentration, salts, HEPES, and nutrient composition available on request. Additives, growth factors, and serum-free adaptations engineered to specification. Contact support@diagnocine.com.

Purity Architecture

Quadruple-stage filtration system

FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose is filtered to a 0.04 µm final pore size. Each lot passes sequentially through four independently validated filter stages — two dedicated prefilter/final-filter pairs — before aseptic fill, delivering mycoplasma-retentive-polished, ultra-low particulate media suited for microfluidic and MPS devices.

  1. 1

    0.1 µm Prefiltration I

    Large particulate and protein-aggregate removal. Protects the first 0.04 µm final filter, extending its operational life and maintaining consistent pore-size integrity across the lot.

  2. 2

    0.04 µm Final filtration I

    First 0.04 µm pass; retains sub-micron particulates, bacteria, and mycoplasma-sized organisms (0.2–0.3 µm) that pass a standard 0.22 µm filter.

  3. 3

    0.1 µm Prefiltration II

    Second, dedicated prefilter protecting the second 0.04 µm final filter — not a polish of the first pass, but redundant protection for the next cartridge in the train.

  4. 4

    0.04 µm Final filtration II — Polish

    Ultimate 0.04 µm polishing filter immediately preceding ISO Class 5 aseptic fill, delivering the lowest achievable particulate burden in a ready-to-use liquid medium.

Performance vs. conventional media

Independently validated particle-count data indicate that the FluxMPS™ Quadruple-stage architecture reduces subvisible particulate burden by approximately 5× versus standard 0.22 µm-filtered RPMI 1640, while the 0.04 µm final pore provides a filtration barrier smaller than the minimum mycoplasma size range.[3,6]

5×
Cleaner by subvisible
particulate count
0.04
µm final-stage
filter pore size
Sterility & Mycoplasma: Every FluxMPS™ lot undergoes 14-day USP <71> sterility testing (no bacterial or fungal growth). Mycoplasma control is achieved by 0.1 µm and 0.04 µm mycoplasma-retentive filtration (not tested per lot) — mycoplasma organisms range 0.2–0.3 µm in diameter.
Grade: This product is Microfluidics Suitable, filtered to a 0.04 µm final cut-off. It is not an MPS Grade product — that designation is reserved for the 0.01 µm ultra nano-filtered line, which adds 0.02 µm and 0.01 µm stages after the 0.04 µm polish. For applications requiring the 0.01 µm cut-off, contact support@diagnocine.com.
FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose w/o Glutamine, Pyruvate, Bicarbonate, Phenol Red (DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X) ? Microfluidics Suitable Quadruple-stage filtration system, 0.1 μm ×2 + 0.04 μm ×2 ultra-filtered cell culture medium for organ-on-a-chip (OoC), microphysiological system (MPS), and microfluidic research | Diagnocine
Figure 1. FluxMPS™ Quadruple-stage filtration system: four sequential stages (0.1 µm ×2 prefiltration + 0.04 µm ×2 final filtration) culminating in aseptic fill, delivering mycoplasma-retentive, ultra-filtered, Microfluidics Suitable cell culture media for microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip applications.
© Diagnocine® — DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X
Applications

Optimized for precision cell biology & MPS platforms

FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose supports a broad spectrum of advanced research applications requiring ultra-pure, particulate-free, phenol-red-free media — from suspension lymphocyte cultures to organ-on-a-chip perfusion systems and metabolic-flux workflows.[1,4,7]

Automated Bioreactors & Robotics

Next-Generation System Uptime

For fully automated perfusion bioreactors and liquid-handling robotics, an optional 0.01 µm (10 nm) MPS Grade variant of FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose is available by special inquiry. This tier adds 0.02 µm and 0.01 µm stages after the 0.04 µm polish, targeting nano-scale particulates that can interfere with precision valve actuation, optical flow sensors, and extended closed-loop perfusion stability in next-generation microphysiological platforms.

  • Total Particulate Exclusion: 0.01 µm filtration removes nano-scale aggregates invisible to 0.04 µm systems, protecting precision microvalves and flow sensors.
  • Valve & Sensor Protection: Ultra-clean media reduces sediment-fouling risk on electro-pneumatic and piezoelectric actuation elements in automated chip platforms.
  • Extended Perfusion Stability: Reduced membrane-biofouling risk supports longer closed-loop perfusion runs between media changes.

Inquiry Required: The 0.01 µm MPS Grade variant is not a standard catalog item. Contact support@diagnocine.com to discuss lot sizing, lead time, and compatibility testing.

Microfluidics

Micro Physiological System (MPS) & Chip

Ultra-low particulate, mycoplasma-retentive-polished media formulated for continuous perfusion in organ-on-a-chip and tissue-chip devices. Phenol-red-free for clean optical sensing.

OoCToCBoCLoCMPS
Cancer Biology

Warburg Effect & Metabolic Research

High-glucose (4,500 mg/L), glutamine-free formulation supports studies of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), glucose consumption, and lactate production in cancer cell lines under defined metabolic conditions.

MCF-7MDA-MB-231HeLaJurkatA549
Stem Cell & Immune Biology

iPSC-Derived & Primary Immune Models

Supports iPSC-derived hematopoietic lineage differentiation and primary lymphocyte, PBMC, and bone-marrow cell models where defined media composition is essential for reproducibility.

iPSC-HematopoieticPBMCsHybridomas
Immunology

Lymphocyte & Suspension Culture

RPMI 1640 is a standard medium for T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, and Jurkat leukemia cells. The FluxMPS™ grade supports particulate-free suspension culture.

JurkatT-cellsNK cellsPBMC
Metabolomics

Metabolic Flux Analysis

Glutamine-free, pyruvate-free, bicarbonate-free, and phenol-red-free formulation enables researcher-defined isotope-tracing experiments and is compatible with Agilent Seahorse XF assays, which require bicarbonate-free, phenol-red-free medium.

¹³C tracingSeahorse XFNMR metabolomics
Live-Cell Imaging

Microscopy & Optical Sensing

Phenol-red-free, ultra-filtered media reduces one common source of optical interference for confocal, TEER, and biosensor measurements in microfluidic chip systems.

ConfocalBiosensorsTEER
Technical Specifications

Quality-controlled parameters

Every FluxMPS™ lot is tested against the following release specifications before shipment. A Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is available upon request.

Physical & Chemical Parameters
Parameter Specification
Formulation [+] High Glucose, [−] L-Glutamine, [−] Sodium Pyruvate, [−] Sodium Bicarbonate, [−] Phenol Red
Appearance Pale yellow-colored, clear solution
pH (1X) USP <791> 7.4
Osmolality USP <785> 230–270 mOsm/kg H₂O
D-Glucose 4,500 mg/L (4.5 g/L)
L-Glutamine Not included [−]
Sodium Pyruvate Not included [−]
Phenol Red Not included [−]
Sterility, Purity & Safety Parameters
Parameter Specification
Endotoxin USP <85> BET < 0.05 EU/mL
Sterility USP <71> No growth after 14 days incubation
Mycoplasma 0.1 µm / 0.04 µm mycoplasma-retentive filtration (not tested per lot); mycoplasma diameter 0.2–0.3 µm
Particulate ≥10 µm USP <788> M1 Validated per lot
Particulate ≥25 µm USP <788> M1 Validated per lot
Water purity Ultrapure Type 1, 18.2 MΩ·cm (ASTM D1193 / ISO 3696)
Manufacturing std. ISO 13485:2016 QMS
Fill environment ISO Class 5 (Class 100) aseptic fill
Storage, Handling & Logistics
Parameter Specification
Storage temperature 2–8°C, protected from bright light
Freeze-thaw Not recommended; do not freeze
Shelf life 12 months from date of manufacture, unopened
Shipping condition Cold pack (2–8°C)
CO₂ requirement No bicarbonate buffer included. Add sodium bicarbonate and maintain 5–10% CO₂, or supplement with HEPES for reduced CO₂ dependence (validate per cell line)
Raw Materials & Regulatory Traceability
Parameter Specification
Raw material grade Cell-culture-grade, USP/NF or equivalent
Traceability Full lot traceability; CoA available on request
Manufacturing QMS ISO 13485 ISO 13485:2016 certified (Diagnocine Precision supplier)
UNSPSC 41116155 — Molecular biology and cell culture growth media (UNv260801)
Regulatory alignment 21 CFR Part 820 (QMSR) aligned
Production method Micro-batch; final packaging, QA & testing at Diagnocine R&D Center, Totowa, NJ, USA
Intended use For Research Use Only (RUO). Not for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic use.
Formulation

Full composition (mg/L)

Complete per-lot release composition of FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose (DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X). All 37 ingredients are reproduced from the authoritative source formulation across 4 category groups. CAS numbers are provided where known; contact support@diagnocine.com for custom nutrient modifications.

INORGANIC SALTS CAS Number mg/L
INORGANIC SALTS
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 13477-34-4 100.000
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous 7487-88-9 48.840
Potassium chloride 7447-40-7 400.000
Sodium chloride 7647-14-5 6000.000
Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 7558-79-4 800.000
AMINO ACIDS CAS Number mg/L
AMINO ACIDS
Glycine 56-40-6 10.000
L-Arginine hydrochloride 1119-34-2 241.000
L-Asparagine 70-47-3 50.000
L-Aspartic acid 56-84-8 20.000
L-Cystine dihydrochloride 30925-07-6 65.200
L-Glutamic acid 56-86-0 20.000
L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate 5934-29-2 20.960
L-Hydroxyproline 51-35-4 20.000
L-Isoleucine 73-32-5 50.000
L-Leucine 61-90-5 50.000
L-Lysine hydrochloride 657-27-2 40.000
L-Methionine 63-68-3 15.000
L-Phenylalanine 63-91-2 15.000
L-Proline 147-85-3 20.000
L-Serine 56-45-1 30.000
L-Threonine 72-19-5 20.000
L-Tryptophan 73-22-3 5.000
L-Tyrosine Disodium Salt 69847-45-6 28.830
L-Valine 72-18-4 20.000
Component CAS Number mg/L
VITAMINS
Choline chloride 67-48-1 3.000
D-Biotin 58-85-5 0.200
D-Ca-Pantothenate 137-08-6 0.250
Folic acid 59-30-3 1.000
Niacinamide 98-92-0 1.000
Pyridoxine hydrochloride 58-56-0 1.000
Riboflavin 83-88-5 0.200
Thiamine hydrochloride 67-03-8 1.000
Vitamin B12 68-19-9 0.005
p-Amino benzoic acid (PABA) 150-13-0 1.000
OTHERS
D-Glucose 50-99-7 4500.000
Glutathione reduced 70-18-8 1.000
i-Inositol 87-89-8 35.000
Custom Formulation Available: pH, glucose concentration, salts, HEPES buffer, and nutrient composition can be modified on request. Contact support@diagnocine.com to discuss your specific requirements.
Quality Assurance

Manufacturing & compliance standards

FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 is manufactured under ISO 13485:2016-certified quality systems, with lot-level traceability and multi-point USP compliance testing before release.

verified

ISO 13485:2016 QMS

All primary manufacturing and final fill performed at ISO 13485-certified Diagnocine Precision supplier facilities. Quality assurance and batch release testing conducted at the Diagnocine R&D and Quality Testing Center, Totowa, New Jersey, USA.

water_drop

Ultrapure Type 1 Water

All FluxMPS™ formulations are prepared exclusively with Ultrapure Type 1 water (18.2 MΩ·cm resistivity), controlling trace-metal and organic-carbon content at the solvent baseline.

biotech

ISO Class 5 Fill & Finish

Final filter assembly and aseptic filling occur in a dedicated ISO Class 5 (Class 100) unidirectional laminar-flow clean room, limiting post-filtration particulate introduction during bottling and closure.

assignment

Micro-Batch Precision

Micro-batch production supports lot-to-lot consistency in nutrient concentration, pH, and osmolality. Each batch is independently weighed, dissolved, and QC-tested before filtration.

Endotoxin — USP <85> BET

Bacterial Endotoxin Test (LAL method) performed per USP <85> on every released batch. Release specification: < 0.05 EU/mL. Results documented on the CoA.

Particulate — USP <788> Method 1

Light-obscuration particulate testing per USP <788> Method 1 for particles ≥10 µm and ≥25 µm. Relevant to microfluidic channel compatibility.

Osmolality — USP <785>

Osmolality confirmed in the range 230–270 mOsm/kg H₂O per USP <785> on every lot.

Documentation & CoA

Full Certificate of Analysis (CoA) includes lot number, manufacture/expiry date, appearance, pH, osmolality, endotoxin result, sterility result, and filtration records. Available on request.

Batch-level quality control. Endotoxin is controlled per manufacturing batch rather than per unit. Every batch is tested before release and must meet the release specification:
  • Endotoxin — LAL assay, USP <85> Bacterial Endotoxins Test; assay sensitivity 0.005 EU/mL; release specification < 0.05 EU/mL
  • pH, osmolality, conductivity, appearance and clarity
  • Sterility
A Certificate of Analysis is available on request.
CoA Requests: To request a Certificate of Analysis for a specific lot, email support@diagnocine.com with your lot number and order reference.
Product Comparison

How DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X (FluxMPS™) compares

FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose vs. published supplier specifications. Only parameters with a sourced comparison figure carry a value; all others read "Not specified" rather than an estimate.

Parameter DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X (FluxMPS™) Other suppliers (published specifications)
Grade Microfluidics Suitable Not specified
Formulation [+] High Glucose 4,500 mg/L / [−] L-Glutamine, Sodium Pyruvate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Phenol Red Not specified
Final filtration pore size 0.04 µm Not specified
Number of filtration stages 4 (Quadruple-stage) Not specified
Mycoplasma-retentive filtration check_circle 0.04µm stage (targets 0.2–0.3µm organisms) Not specified
Endotoxin (release specification) FluxMPS™ — < 0.05 EU/mL Corning classical liquid media — < 0.25 EU/mL
Sigma-Aldrich DMEM complete medium — ≤ 2 EU/mL
Gibco classical DMEM — Not specified (recorded per lot)
USP particulate compliance check_circle USP <788> Method 1 Not specified
Water quality Ultrapure Type 1, 18.2 MΩ·cm Not specified
Manufacturing QMS check_circle ISO 13485:2016 Not specified
Microfluidic channel compatibility check_circle Validated Not specified
Custom formulation check_circle On request Not specified

Comparison figures from published supplier specifications, accessed 2026-09-02. Suppliers that publish no numeric endotoxin specification are shown as "Not specified".

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose (DCP-RPMIG-QPBR1X) and its use in advanced cell culture applications.

Yes. FluxMPS™ RPMI 1640 High Glucose is a Microfluidics Suitable medium engineered for microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices. Its Quadruple-stage filtration (0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2) yields ultra-low particulate counts that help prevent channel blockage, pressure artefacts, and biofouling in microchannels of 10–200 µm diameter. The phenol-red-free, bicarbonate-free formulation further supports inline optical sensing and custom gas-exchange control.
Standard 0.22 µm filtration leaves a pore size larger than the smallest mycoplasma organisms (0.2–0.3 µm) and is not typically validated against USP <788> Method 1 (light obscuration) subvisible particulate limits. The FluxMPS™ Quadruple-stage system adds two 0.04 µm stages, delivered under ISO Class 5 aseptic fill, achieving approximately 5× lower particulate burden and an additional mycoplasma-retentive filtration barrier not present in single-stage 0.22 µm filtration.
L-Glutamine is excluded because it is thermolabile: at 37°C it spontaneously decomposes to pyroglutamate and ammonia over days, introducing an uncontrolled nitrogen source that can confound metabolic experiments. Sodium Pyruvate, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Phenol Red are likewise omitted so that carbon source, buffering system, and optical background are fully researcher-defined. Typical supplementation: fresh L-Glutamine (2–4 mM) or stable GlutaMAX™ just before use; sodium pyruvate (1 mM) if required by your cell line; sodium bicarbonate (~2 g/L) if a bicarbonate/CO₂ buffer system is desired. For common lines such as HeLa, Jurkat, and MCF-7, 2 mM L-Glutamine is a standard starting point.
This formulation contains no Sodium Bicarbonate and no HEPES, so it carries no built-in buffer system. Users must supply one externally: add sodium bicarbonate and maintain a 5–10% CO₂ atmosphere for bicarbonate buffering, or add HEPES (typically 10–25 mM) for reduced CO₂ dependence. Validate the appropriate CO₂ level and buffer strategy for your specific cell line before use.
Yes. The base medium is designed as a defined starting matrix. Common supplements include fetal bovine serum (FBS, 5–20%), GlutaMAX™ or L-Glutamine (2 mM), sodium pyruvate (1 mM), sodium bicarbonate (~2 g/L), antibiotics (Pen/Strep), and growth factors as required by your cell line. Always pre-filter serum and protein-containing supplements through a 0.2 µm low-protein-binding PES or PVDF filter before addition — never a 0.04 µm membrane, which retains serum proteins, lipoproteins, and growth factors.
Endotoxin is controlled per manufacturing batch. Each batch is tested by LAL assay per USP <85> Bacterial Endotoxins Test (assay sensitivity 0.005 EU/mL) and must meet the release specification of < 0.05 EU/mL before it ships. The result for the released batch is documented on the Certificate of Analysis (CoA), available on request by emailing support@diagnocine.com with your lot number.
Yes. A Certificate of Analysis is available for every released batch. The CoA includes: lot number and manufacture/expiry dates; appearance assessment; pH value (USP <791>); osmolality result (USP <785>); endotoxin result (USP <85> BET, LAL method); sterility test result (USP <71>, 14-day); particulate testing data (USP <788> Method 1); and filtration records. Request the CoA at support@diagnocine.com.
Scientific References

Supporting literature

Curated peer-reviewed references relevant to RPMI 1640, organ-on-a-chip applications, microfluidic perfusion, metabolic research, and filtration-grade cell culture media.

  1. Ingber DE. Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Genet. 2022;23(8):467-491. doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00466-9
  2. Huh D, Matthews BD, Mammoto A, Montoya-Zavala M, Hsin HY, Ingber DE. Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip. Science. 2010;328(5986):1662-1668. doi:10.1126/science.1188302
  3. van Duinen V, Trietsch SJ, Joore J, Vulto P, Hankemeier T. Microfluidic 3D cell culture: from tools to tissue models. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015;35:118-126. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2015.05.002
  4. Warburg O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science. 1956;123(3191):309-314. doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.309
  5. United States Pharmacopeia. USP <85> Bacterial Endotoxins Test. USP-NF. United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2023.
  6. Bhattacharya S, Dutta D, Bhowmick T. Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture: a comprehensive review. J Appl Microbiol. 2020;131(1):1-16. doi:10.1111/jam.14707
  7. Moore GE, Gerner RE, Franklin HA. Culture of normal human leukocytes. JAMA. 1967;199(8):519-524. doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03120080053007
  8. Fendt SM, Bell EL, Keibler MA, et al. Reductive glutamine metabolism is a function of the alpha-ketoglutarate to citrate ratio in cells. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2236. doi:10.1038/ncomms3236
  9. Zhang YS, Aleman J, Shin SR, et al. Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(12):E2293-E2302. doi:10.1073/pnas.1612906114
  10. Hassell BA, Goyal G, Lee E, et al. Human organ chip models recapitulate orthotopic lung cancer growth, therapeutic responses, and tumor dormancy in vitro. Cell Rep. 2017;21(2):508-516. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.043

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