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FluxMPS™ Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), High Glucose w/o L-Glutamine: 1X Liquid

Product#: DCP-DMEM-Q1X
$34.10
DCP-DMEM-Q1X
Availability:
Ships in 1-2 Weeks

warning For Research Use Only (RUO). Not intended for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic use in humans.
Microfluidics Suitable Cell Culture Media
verified ISO 13485 Certified Manufacturing

FluxMPS™ DMEM, High Glucose, w/o L-Glutamine — 1X Liquid Cell Culture Medium

Contains Sodium Bicarbonate Contains Phenol Red Contains Calcium Contains Magnesium Contains Glucose Contains Sodium Pyruvate Without L-Glutamine

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is a Microfluidics Suitable, quadruple-stage ultra-filtered (0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2) Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) formulated with 4,500 mg/L high glucose, sodium bicarbonate, sodium pyruvate and phenol red, without L-Glutamine — engineered specifically for microfluidic channels, organ-on-a-chip (OoC), and microphysiological system (MPS) platforms. A quadruple-stage train (0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2) reaches a 0.04 µm final cut-off, five times finer than the 0.22 µm membranes used for conventional sterile filtration.

  • Quadruple-stage nano-filtration: 0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2 for sub-mycoplasma polishing and ultra-low particulate load
  • Endotoxin release specification < 0.05 EU/mL, verified per batch by LAL assay (USP <85>)
  • High glucose (4,500 mg/L), sodium bicarbonate, sodium pyruvate and phenol red included; formulated without L-Glutamine so you control nitrogen source at time of use
  • 4× BME amino acid & vitamin concentration — rich, stable nutrient base for demanding cell types
  • Manufactured under an ISO 13485:2016 quality management system with full lot traceability; final QC and fill at Diagnocine, Totowa NJ
  • Formulated with Type 1 Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm) for tight trace-metal and total organic carbon (TOC) control
  • Customizable: pH, glucose, HEPES, salts, and nutrient composition available on request — support@diagnocine.com
Cat. No.: DCP-DMEM-Q1X
ISO 13485 · Cell Culture Media UNSPSC: 41116155 | Commodity: Molecular biology and cell culture growth media | (UNv260801)
DMEM, High Glucose, w/o L-Glutamine — 1X Liquid
  • Glucose4,500 mg/L (High Glucose)
  • L-GlutamineNot included — add exogenously
  • Sodium Pyruvate110.0 mg/L
  • Sodium Bicarbonate3,700 mg/L
  • pH (USP <791>)7.0 - 7.4
  • Osmolality (USP <785>)300 - 330 mOsm/kg
  • Endotoxin< 0.05 EU/mL (USP <85> BET)
  • Filtration System0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2 (Quadruple-stage)
  • Storage2–8°C, protect from light
  • Shelf Life12 months from date of manufacture, unopened
ISO 13485:2016 USP <85> <785> <788> RUO
Why FluxMPS™

Engineered where standard DMEM fails

Conventional 0.22 µm-filtered DMEM is designed for well-plate culture, not for the microscale geometries of organ-on-a-chip devices. Residual mycoplasma-sized particles accumulate in microchannels, corrupt biosensor baselines, and shorten perfusion device lifespan. FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X uses a Quadruple-stage filtration architecture engineered to reduce this failure mode while preserving the rich 4× BME amino acid and vitamin profile that DMEM is valued for.[1,2]

filter_alt

Microchannel-Safe Purity

0.04 µm final-pass filtration targets sub-mycoplasma particulates; USP <788> Method 1 (light obscuration) particle testing confirms < 25 particles ≥10 µm per mL — suitable for channels as narrow as 50 µm.

target

Total Metabolic Control

L-Glutamine-free base lets you define the exact nitrogen source — add stable GlutaMAX™ or glutamine analogues at time of use, or omit entirely for Warburg-effect or amino-acid limitation studies; nitrogen input remains fully user-defined.

water_drop

Ultrapure-Grade Water

Formulated with Type 1 Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm, ASTM D1193 / ISO 3696) for tight trace-metal and total organic carbon (TOC) control in microphysiological system applications.

visibility

Low Background for Imaging

Quadruple-stage 0.04 µm filtration provides an ultra-low particulate baseline for confocal, two-photon, and brightfield microscopy, supporting long-duration live-cell imaging on OoC platforms. Note: this formulation contains phenol red; select a phenol-red-free FluxMPS™ DMEM variant if autofluorescence-free imaging is required.

science

Rich, Stable Nutrient Profile

DMEM’s 4× BME amino acid and vitamin concentrations sustain demanding cell types including HeLa, MCF-7, HEK293, primary neurons, and iPSC-derived organoids through extended perfusion runs.[3]

tune

Customization on Demand

pH, glucose concentration, HEPES buffer, sodium bicarbonate, and individual nutrient levels can be adjusted to your exact protocol. Contact support@diagnocine.com for custom formulation inquiries.

Purity Architecture

Quadruple-stage filtration system

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is a Microfluidics Suitable, ready-to-use 0.04 µm-final-filtered DMEM.

  1. 1

    0.1 µm Prefiltration I

    First 0.1 µm membrane pass captures large aggregates, cell debris, and coarse particulates, protecting the first 0.04 µm cartridge and establishing a clean base stream for downstream polishing.

  2. 2

    0.04 µm Final filtration I

    The first 0.04 µm (40 nm) membrane retains organisms in the 0.2–0.3 µm mycoplasma size range and fine particulates that pass a 0.22 µm filter.

  3. 3

    0.1 µm Prefiltration II

    A second, independent 0.1 µm membrane protects the second 0.04 µm cartridge, catching any upstream shed particles before the final polishing stage.

  4. 4

    0.04 µm Final filtration II — Polish

    The final 0.04 µm membrane delivers ultimate particulate polishing. Media passes directly into ISO Class 5 (Class 100) laminar-flow fill suites, with particle counts confirmed per USP <788> Method 1 on every lot before release.

Performance vs. conventional media

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X targets substantially lower subvisible particulate burdens compared with standard 0.22 µm-filtered DMEM, reducing the risk of channel occlusion and biosensor baseline drift in microfluidic perfusion systems.

5×
 
0.04
µm final filter pore size — four-stage validated architecture
Sterility & Mycoplasma Assurance: No bacterial or fungal growth observed after 14-day incubation per USP <71>. Mycoplasma is controlled by 0.1 µm and 0.04 µm mycoplasma-retentive filtration (not tested per lot). Endotoxin release specification < 0.05 EU/mL per USP <85> BET, controlled per manufacturing batch — see Manufacturing & Quality for batch-testing detail.
Grade: This product is Microfluidics Suitable, filtered to a 0.04 µm final cut-off. It is not an MPS Grade product — that designation is reserved for the 0.01 µm ultra nano-filtered line, which adds 0.02 µm and 0.01 µm stages after the 0.04 µm polish. For applications requiring the 0.01 µm cut-off, contact support@diagnocine.com.
FluxMPS DCP-DMEM-Q1X Quadruple-Stage Filtration System diagram showing four sequential membrane stages: 0.1 micron prefiltration, 0.04 micron mycoplasma-retentive filtration, 0.1 micron prefiltration II, and 0.04 micron final polish for organ-on-a-chip and microfluidic cell culture media - Diagnocine
Figure 1. FluxMPS™ Quadruple-Stage Filtration Architecture: two independent 0.1 µm prefiltration stages paired with two 0.04 µm final-filtration stages, culminating in ISO Class 5 aseptic fill — targeting sub-mycoplasma purity for microphysiological and organ-on-a-chip applications.
© Diagnocine® — DCP-DMEM-Q1X
Applications

Purpose-built for microphysiological & metabolic research

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is a clean, L-Glutamine-free DMEM base for organ-on-a-chip (OoC), microfluidic perfusion, and Warburg-effect metabolomics applications where a user-defined nitrogen source is required.[4,5]

Automated Bioreactors & Robotics

Next-Generation System Uptime

For automated perfusion bioreactors and robotic liquid-handling systems with sub-10 µm valve tolerances, Diagnocine offers an optional ultra-filtered 0.01 µm (10 nm) MPS Grade variant of FluxMPS™ DMEM — a separate product line from the Microfluidics Suitable 0.04 µm medium described on this page.

  • Total Particulate Exclusion: 10 nm final filtration targets virtually all particle species — protecting microvalves and sensors in automated organ-on-a-chip workstations
  • Valve & Sensor Protection: Reduces actuator wear in PDMS and thermoplastic chip platforms with channel cross-sections below 50 µm
  • Extended Perfusion Stability: Maintains defined nutrient composition across 7–21-day continuous perfusion runs

Inquiry Required: The 0.01 µm (10 nm) MPS Grade format is available on special order. Contact support@diagnocine.com to request this format for your automated system.

Microfluidics

Microphysiological System (MPS) & Chip

Quadruple-stage filtered, particle-reduced DMEM base for perfused OoC gut, lung, liver, kidney, and multi-organ platforms. L-Glutamine-free to avoid ammonia accumulation during extended perfusion.

OoC ToC BoC LoC MPS
Cancer Biology

Warburg Effect & Metabolic Research

High-glucose (4.5 g/L), glutamine-free base for glycolytic flux studies and isotope tracing where nitrogen source must be precisely controlled.

MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 HeLa A549
Stem Cell Biology

iPSC-Derived Models

Controlled nutrient base for iPSC differentiation protocols where L-Glutamine is titrated independently. Compatible with GlutaMAX™ supplementation for stable glutamine delivery to fragile iPSC-derived neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes.

iPSC-Neurons iPSC-CM iPSC-Hep
Vascular Biology

Endothelial & Primary Cells

Ultra-low particulate DMEM is compatible with primary endothelial cell culture and co-culture vascular-on-chip models.

HUVECs HAECs Primary hepatocytes
Metabolomics

Metabolic Flux Analysis

Defined, L-Glutamine-free background for 13C glucose isotope tracing and NMR-based metabolomics — nitrogen source remains fully user-defined. Not compatible with Agilent Seahorse XF assays, which require bicarbonate-free, phenol-red-free medium.

13C tracing NMR metabolomics
Live-Cell Imaging

Microscopy & Optical Sensing

Quadruple-stage filtration provides an ultra-low particulate baseline for confocal and two-photon live-cell imaging, electrochemical biosensors, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement on chip. Contains phenol red; select a phenol-red-free FluxMPS™ variant for autofluorescence-sensitive assays.

Confocal Biosensors TEER
Technical Specifications

Full QC specification suite

Every lot of FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is tested against the full specification suite below before release. Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is available on request. Available pack sizes: 500 mL, 1000 mL.

Physical & Chemical Parameters
Parameter Specification
Formulation DMEM High Glucose (4,500 mg/L), + NaHCO3 (3,700 mg/L), + Sodium Pyruvate (110 mg/L), + Phenol Red (15.9 mg/L), − L-Glutamine
Appearance Red/orange-colored, clear solution (phenol red indicator present)
pH USP <791> 7.0 - 7.4
Osmolality USP <785> 300 - 330 mOsm/kg H2O
Glucose 4,500 mg/L (High Glucose, 4.5 g/L)
L-Glutamine Not included — add 2 mM – 4 mM exogenously
Sodium Pyruvate 110.00 mg/L
Phenol Red 15.90 mg/L
Sterility, Purity & Safety
Parameter Specification
Endotoxin USP <85> BET < 0.05 EU/mL (batch release specification — see Manufacturing & Quality)
Sterility USP <71> No growth at 14 days (aerobic + anaerobic)
Mycoplasma 0.1 µm mycoplasma-retentive filtration (not tested per lot)
Particulate ≥10 µm USP <788> M1 < 25 per mL
Particulate ≥25 µm USP <788> M1 < 3 per mL
Water Purity Ultrapure Type 1, 18.2 MΩ·cm (ASTM D1193 / ISO 3696)
Manufacturing Std. ISO 13485:2016 QMS; 21 CFR Part 820 (QMSR) aligned
Fill Environment ISO Class 5 (Class 100) laminar-flow
Storage, Handling & Logistics
Parameter Specification
Storage Temperature 2–8°C, protect from light
Freeze-Thaw Do not freeze
Shelf Life 12 months from date of manufacture, unopened
Shipping Condition Shipped on ice packs (2–8°C); ambient for international orders with express courier
CO2 Requirement ~10% CO2 atmosphere to maintain pH 7.0–7.4 with 3,700 mg/L sodium bicarbonate buffering
Raw Materials & Regulatory Traceability
Parameter Specification
Raw Material Grade Reagent-grade to USP-grade salts, vitamins, amino acids
Traceability Full lot traceability per ISO 13485 DMR/DHR
Manufacturing QMS ISO 13485 ISO 13485:2016 certified; Totowa, NJ, USA
UNSPSC 41116155 — Molecular biology and cell culture growth media (UNv260801)
Regulatory Alignment ISO 13485:2016; 21 CFR Part 820 (QMSR) aligned
Production Method Micro-batch compounding — lot sizes ≤10 L for traceability
Intended Use For Research Use Only (RUO)
Formulation

Full composition (mg/L)

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is based on the classical high-glucose DMEM formulation featuring 4× BME amino acid and vitamin concentrations. The composition below reflects the per-lot release basis. L-Glutamine is excluded; add 2–4 mM L-Glutamine or equivalent GlutaMAX™ per your protocol. Sodium Pyruvate and Phenol Red are included as shown below.

Component CAS Number mg/L
INORGANIC SALTS
Calcium Chloride (dihydrate) 10035-04-8 265.00
Ferric Nitrate Nonahydrate 7782-61-8 0.100
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) (anhydrous) 7487-88-9 97.720
Potassium Chloride (KCl) 7447-40-7 400.00
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 144-55-8 3700.00
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 7647-14-5 6400.00
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic (NaH2PO4) 7558-80-7 109.00
Component CAS Number mg/L
AMINO ACIDS
Glycine 56-40-6 30.00
L-Arginine Hydrochloride 1119-34-2 84.00
L-Cystine ·2HCl 30925-07-6 62.57
L-Histidine Hydrochloride ·H2O 5934-29-2 42.00
L-Isoleucine 73-32-5 105.00
L-Leucine 61-90-5 105.00
L-Lysine Hydrochloride 657-27-2 146.20
L-Methionine 63-68-3 30.00
L-Phenylalanine 63-91-2 66.00
L-Serine 56-45-1 42.00
L-Threonine 72-19-5 95.00
L-Tryptophan 73-22-3 16.00
L-Tyrosine Disodium Salt Dihydrate 69847-44-5 103.79
L-Valine 72-18-4 94.00
Component CAS Number mg/L
VITAMINS
Choline Chloride 67-48-1 4.00
D-Calcium Pantothenate 137-08-6 4.00
Folic Acid 59-30-3 4.00
Niacinamide (Nicotinamide) 98-92-0 4.00
Pyridoxal hydrochloride 58-56-0 4.00
Riboflavin 83-88-5 0.40
Thiamine Hydrochloride 67-03-8 4.00
i-Inositol 87-89-8 7.20
OTHERS
Phenol Red 143-74-8 15.900
D-Glucose 50-99-7 4500.00
Sodium Pyruvate 113-24-6 110.00
Customization available: pH, glucose concentration (low / high / zero), HEPES buffer, sodium bicarbonate level, and individual amino acid or vitamin concentrations can be adjusted for your specific application. Contact support@diagnocine.com with your requirements.
Quality Assurance

ISO 13485-certified manufacturing & compliance

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is manufactured in Totowa, NJ, USA under an ISO 13485:2016-certified Quality Management System with full micro-batch traceability and multi-standard QC release testing.

verified

ISO 13485:2016 Quality Management System

Full QMS certification covering raw material qualification, in-process controls, final product release, and post-market surveillance. Every batch carries a traceable Device History Record (DHR).

water_drop

Ultrapure Type 1 Water

All formulations use freshly generated Ultrapure Type 1 water (ASTM D1193 / ISO 3696) — controlled for trace metals and total organic carbon (TOC), supporting sensitive biosensor and omics readouts.

biotech

ISO Class 5 Fill & Finish

Media is filled aseptically under ISO Class 5 (Class 100) laminar-flow conditions. Particle counts confirmed by USP <788> Method 1 on every lot before release.

assignment

Micro-Batch Precision

Production in micro-batches (≤10 L) ensures raw material homogeneity, minimizes lot-to-lot variability, and enables full component traceability — critical for reproducible MPS and OoC experiments.

Endotoxin — USP <85> BET

LAL assay; release specification < 0.05 EU/mL per batch. Full endotoxin data reported on CoA.

Particulate Matter — USP <788> Method 1

Light-obscuration particle counting for particles ≥10 µm and ≥25 µm per mL. Results reported on lot CoA.

Osmolality — USP <785>

Freezing-point osmometry per USP <785>. Target 300–330 mOsm/kg H2O. Actual lot value reported on CoA.

Documentation — Certificate of Analysis

Full CoA available for every lot including: appearance, pH, osmolality, endotoxin, sterility, and particulate data. Request at support@diagnocine.com.

Batch-level quality control. Endotoxin is controlled per manufacturing batch rather than per unit. Every batch is tested before release and must meet the release specification:
  • Endotoxin — LAL assay, USP <85> Bacterial Endotoxins Test; assay sensitivity 0.005 EU/mL; release specification < 0.05 EU/mL
  • pH, osmolality, conductivity, appearance and clarity
  • Sterility
A Certificate of Analysis is available on request — contact support@diagnocine.com with your lot number.
Product Comparison

How DCP-DMEM-Q1X compares

FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X vs. conventional 0.22 µm-filtered DMEM variants and published supplier specifications — across the parameters that matter most for microphysiological systems and microfluidic applications.

Parameter DCP-DMEM-Q1X (FluxMPS™) Standard DMEM (0.22 µm filtered) Typical Competitor DMEM
Grade Microfluidics Suitable (0.04 µm final cut-off) Not specified Not specified
L-Glutamine status Not included — user-defined nitrogen source Often included (unstable, degrades to NH&sub3;) Often included or as GlutaMAX™
Final filtration pore size 0.04 µm (40 nm) 0.22 µm 0.22 µm
Number of filtration stages 4 (Quadruple-stage) 1 1–2
Mycoplasma barrier filtration check_circle Yes (0.04 µm ×2) cancel No cancel No
Endotoxin (release specification) < 0.05 EU/mL Corning classical liquid media — < 0.25 EU/mL
Sigma-Aldrich DMEM complete medium — ≤ 2 EU/mL
Gibco classical DMEM — Not specified (recorded per lot)
USP particulate compliance check_circle USP <788> Method 1 tested cancel Not routinely tested cancel Not routinely tested
Water quality Type 1 Ultrapure 18.2 MΩ·cm WFI or purified water (variable) Purified water (variable)
Manufacturing QMS check_circle ISO 13485:2016 ISO 9001 or not specified ISO 9001 or not specified
Microfluidic channel compatibility check_circle Validated for ≥50 µm channels cancel Not validated cancel Not validated
Custom formulation check_circle Yes — pH, glucose, salts, HEPES cancel No cancel Rarely

Comparison figures from published supplier specifications, accessed 2026-09-02. Suppliers that publish no numeric endotoxin specification are shown as "Not specified".

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X and its use in microphysiological, microfluidic, and metabolic research.

Yes. FluxMPS™ DCP-DMEM-Q1X is engineered for organ-on-a-chip and microphysiological system platforms. The Quadruple-stage filtration (0.1 µm ×2 + 0.04 µm ×2) targets sub-micron particulates that would accumulate in narrow microchannels (≥50 µm). The L-Glutamine-free formulation lets you control nitrogen source input, avoiding glutamine-derived ammonia accumulation during extended perfusion. Note: this formulation includes phenol red and sodium pyruvate; select a phenol-red-free variant if autofluorescence-free imaging is required.
Standard 0.22 µm filtration removes bacteria but passes mycoplasma-sized organisms (0.2–0.3 µm) and fine particulates. FluxMPS™ uses four sequential membrane stages ending at 0.04 µm (40 nm), providing mycoplasma-retentive filtration and approximately 5× fewer subvisible particles (≥10 µm) per mL, as measured by USP <788> Method 1 (light obscuration).
L-Glutamine is excluded from DCP-DMEM-Q1X because it spontaneously degrades in aqueous solution at 37°C, generating ammonia — a cytotoxin that disrupts cell physiology, especially in closed microfluidic perfusion loops where ammonia accumulates. By omitting L-Glutamine, the formulation lets you add a fresh, stable form at time of use: add 2–4 mM L-Glutamine (200 mM stock, add 10–20 mL/L), or use GlutaMAX™ (L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide) for sustained, ammonia-free glutamine delivery. This also enables nitrogen-limitation or glutamine-restriction experiments for Warburg-effect and metabolic flux studies.
Yes. DCP-DMEM-Q1X contains sodium bicarbonate (3,700 mg/L) as the pH buffer, which requires approximately 10% CO2 atmosphere to maintain pH 7.0–7.4. If you are working in a CO2-free environment, contact us about a custom HEPES-buffered formulation.
Yes. DCP-DMEM-Q1X is a basal medium designed to be supplemented per your protocol. Common additions include FBS or defined serum substitutes (2–20%), L-Glutamine or GlutaMAX™ (2–4 mM), antibiotics (penicillin/streptomycin), and growth factors — sodium pyruvate is already included in the base formulation (110 mg/L) and does not need to be re-added. When adding serum or other protein-containing supplements, filter through a 0.2 µm low-protein-binding PES or PVDF membrane immediately before use; do not use a 0.04 µm filter for supplements, as it will strip serum proteins and lipoproteins. Contact support@diagnocine.com for pre-supplemented custom variants.
Every batch of DCP-DMEM-Q1X is tested before release and must meet the endotoxin release specification of < 0.05 EU/mL, assayed by LAL per USP <85> (assay sensitivity 0.005 EU/mL). Endotoxin is controlled per manufacturing batch; results are reported on the Certificate of Analysis (CoA).
Yes. A CoA is available for every manufactured lot. It includes: appearance, pH (USP <791>), osmolality (USP <785>), endotoxin (USP <85> BET, LAL assay, < 0.05 EU/mL release specification), sterility (USP <71>, 14-day), mycoplasma control statement (0.1 µm filtration, not tested per lot), and subvisible particulate count (USP <788> Method 1). Request your CoA at support@diagnocine.com with your lot number.
Scientific References

Supporting literature

Key peer-reviewed references supporting the use of ultra-filtered DMEM in organ-on-a-chip, microfluidic perfusion, and metabolic research applications.

  1. Bhatia, S.N. & Ingber, D.E. Microfluidic organs-on-chips. Nature Biotechnology 32, 760–772 (2014). doi:10.1038/nbt.2989
  2. Huh, D. et al. Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip. Science 328, 1662–1668 (2010). doi:10.1126/science.1188302
  3. Dulbecco, R. & Freeman, G. Plaque production by the polyoma virus. Virology 8, 396–397 (1959). doi:10.1016/0042-6822(59)90043-1
  4. Warburg, O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 123, 309–314 (1956). doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.309
  5. Sung, J.H. et al. Microfabricated mammalian organ systems and their integration into models of whole animals and humans. Lab on a Chip 13, 1201–1212 (2013). doi:10.1039/c3lc41017j
  6. Bhattacharya, S. et al. Validation of USP <788> particulate matter testing for cell culture media used in bioreactor manufacturing. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 75, 202–215 (2021). doi:10.5731/pdajpst.2020.011940
  7. Zhang, Y.S. et al. Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors. PNAS 114, E2293–E2302 (2017). doi:10.1073/pnas.1612906114
  8. Niklison-Chirou, M.V. et al. How does p53 induce apoptosis and how does this relate to p53-mediated tumour suppression? Cell Death & Differentiation 28, 983–996 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41418-021-00760-1
  9. Campisi, M. et al. 3D self-organized microvascular model of the human blood-brain barrier with endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. Biomaterials 180, 117–129 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.014
  10. Yin, X. et al. Engineering stem cell organoids. Cell Stem Cell 18, 25–38 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.12.005

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